PAINTS
Paints consist of binders, pigments, and solvents, with solvents playing a key role in application and drying. Water-based paints are generally safer than oil-based ones, but both can contain hazardous additives. VOCs, found in many paints, contribute to respiratory issues, headaches, and long-term health effects. Other concerning substances include phthalates (linked to hormone disruption), nonylphenol ethoxylates (toxic to aquatic life), and heavy metals (found in older paints). Antimicrobial paints often contain biocidal additives, which may not offer real health benefits but can introduce additional risks. Proper paint selection, ventilation, and safe disposal can minimize health and environmental hazards.
Priority of choice
Best choice
Good alternatives
Less recommended / Better to avoid
Mineral-based paints (limewash, mineral silicate), acrylic/latex water-based paints
Waterborne alkyd paints (without alkylphenol ethoxylate and PFAS)
Solvent-based alkyd paints, paints with antimicrobial or antifungal claims
Tips for healthier choice
- Prefer mineral-based paints like lime or mineral silicate as the most eco-friendly and healthy option.
- Prioritize paints with minimal or no VOCs. Prefer paints with <10 g/L VOCs, or ideally <5 g/L. Even "low VOC" paints (≤50 g/L) are not always the safest.
- Check the full ingredients list – some harmful chemicals (e.g., nonylphenol ethoxylates, phthalates) may not be listed on labels. Request a safety data sheet (SDS) from manufacturers or check their websites.
- Prefer mineral- or plant-based pigments and APE-free (Alkylphenol Ethoxylate-free) colorants to avoid additional VOC exposure.
- Avoid antimicrobial or antifungal paints, because they may contain biocidal additives that pose health risks without significant benefits.
- Be mindful of specialty paints like chalkboard, whiteboard, and magnetic paints, because it may introduce additional chemical hazards — verify their safety before use.
- Buy only what you need. Paint production consumes water and energy, so avoid excess purchases. Consider performance and durability to minimize repaints.
- Even with low-VOC paints, keep windows open and work in a well-ventilated area to reduce indoor air pollution.
- Follow local regulations for proper disposal to prevent environmental contamination.
Certifications to look for
